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Analysis of Fai我下lure Causes and Me火化thods for Improvin事睡g Reliability of RF C笑答oaxial Connectors學飛
abstract：In order to e雪書nsure the continuity 錯弟of the electrical and房頻 mechanical struc爸子tures, the force betwee費要n the contact surface訊章s of the outer草玩 conductors is generally是內 very large. Takin黑議g the N-type connector
1. Fai了匠lure caused by poor con近媽tact of the outer cond鐵房uctor.
I笑亮n order to ensure t房鄉he continuity of the e黃了lectrical and mech姐呢anical structures, th開新e force betwe上業en the contact surface弟務s of the outer和懂 conductors is g懂喝enerally very什市 large. Taking the N-type conne車友ctor as an example, when制山 the tightening torq訊一ue Mt of the threade兒也d sleeve is the sta物爸ndard 135N.cm, accordi中很ng to the formula M煙金t=KP0×10-3N.m (K i廠飛s the tightening torque 拍話coefficient, h兵你ere K=0.12), it can b睡西e It is calculated哥慢 that the axial pres件業sure P0 on the outer 會報conductor can reach 謝人712N. If the也開 strength of the中畫 outer conductor多相 is poor, it may商爸 cause severe w鐘樂ear and even deforma年校tion of the outer co報木nductor connection end 月頻surface. For example, t師樂he wall thickness of t農間he connection end face關日 of the male outer cond她雜uctor of the SMA connec吃還tor is thin, onl那子y 0.25mm. The如綠 material used i舊路s mostly bra務工ss, which is鄉大 weak in stre照謝ngth. If the connection電書 torque is slightly l愛好arger, the connection老下 end face may be over-s醫聽queezed and deforme快微d, damaging the inner c看坐onductor. Or dielectric車中 support; and the surfa風黑ce of the ou費習ter conductor of the co哥亮nnector is usually工我 plated. Large contact 唱長force will destro老那y the plating o頻分n the connection呢木 end face, caus人就ing the contact re遠樂sistance between the ou現影ter conductor做長s to increase and t紅謝he electrical perf分風ormance of the conne上事ctor to decr花街ease. In addition, if th資秒e use environment of木西 the RF coaxial con睡物nector is relatively h如樂arsh, after a pe黃筆riod of time, a lay麗音er of dust will be de車做posited on the connect電他ion end surface of th劇坐e outer conductor. T遠要his layer of d會北ust will increas老亮e the contact res老可istance between the oute去和r conductors and廠個 increase the insertion 頻又loss of the connecto哥歌r. , the electrical per北化formance index火煙 drops.
Improvement弟下 measures: To avoid poor務雜 contact of the out話科er conductor友人 caused by def筆民ormation or excessive 妹為wear of the conne錯妹ction end face, on the笑但 one hand, we can choose討市 higher strengt紅微h materials t刀如o process the 紅和outer conductor, such那明 as bronze or s日在tainless steel; 上暗on the other ha冷放nd, we can also i厭謝ncrease the wall of the 微我outer conductor conn這技ection end face.廠吃 Thick to increase th我白e contact area, 從鄉so that when資我 the same connection 影中torque is applied, th議明e pressure per un拿風it area of the connecti機湖on end face of the到理 outer conduc笑舊tor will be re明見duced. For example, in 嗎理an improved SMA coa雪員xial connector (SuperSMA你個 from SOUTHWEST輛裡 Company of the Unit制要ed States), th醫和e outer diamete輛低r of the dielectr微現ic support is 是熱reduced from Φ4黑裡.1mm of ordinary SMA t們離o Φ3.9mm, and the wal河拿l thickness of輛書 the outer condu美術ctor connecti人訊on surface is correspond文慢ingly increased to 0.35 作木mm, the mechanica土友l strength is 筆外improved, thereb上放y enhancing the reli火黑ability of the器志 connection. When storing and using t討姐he connector, keep the c離山onnection end surface o資慢f the outer con懂著ductor clean. 遠地If there is dust湖站 on it, wipe it c舞能lean with an alcoh光習ol cotton ball. It should be n門間oted that when scrubbi快村ng, you should avoid alc銀兵ohol soaking int物土o the media 窗資support, and wait雜姐 until the alcohol e去討vaporates befo很服re using the con作一nector. Othe服美rwise, the impeda嗎錢nce of the con日低nector will ch笑窗ange due to the 的吃mixing of alcoh關姐ol.
2. Failur要山e caused by poor contac上電t of the inne分美r conductor
Compared w弟南ith the outer condu工不ctor, the inner 器但conductor, which is s都讀maller in size and要謝 weaker in strength, is紅說 more likely to cau時但se poor contact and caus要通e connector fai吧科lure.
T林年he inner conductors 靜山mostly adopt 樹話elastic connecti了錯on methods, such as房電 socket-slotted elastic 下店connection, spring c我匠law-type elastic c業國onnection, bell雪有ows-type elastic conne紅鄉ction, etc. Among them, the socket是生-slotted elasti視物c connection h相音as a simple 都些structure, low pr黑開ocessing cost, conven雜員ient assembly,這頻 and a wide rang生鐵e of applications. Therefore, this a黃事rticle will also t跳問ake this as an exam那制ple for analysis.
2.1. Th我美e inner conductor 紅愛is not firmly fixed.明信
For assemb他好ly needs, th靜熱e structure 和嗎shown in Figu懂器re 2-1 is often used in 雜金many coaxial connectors 美電(such as N-type, 3.5m多飛m): the inner c火視onductor is divided into這明 two parts at the d離年ielectric su公懂pport, and the內樹n threaded connect t間花hem.
How秒站ever, due to the謝市 small diameter of 雪的the inner conductor笑議, if the threaded connec間時tion is not fixed w科森ith glue duri了大ng assembly, the c訊站onnection str在離ength of the inner con快算ductor will be 東厭very poor, especiall理她y for some sma書學ll RF coaxial conne年書ctors, such as the i做玩nner conductor of the 1.都謝85mm coaxial connector刀湖. The diameter 冷議is only Φ0.80哥視4mm, and its為友 strength can be imagi費輛ned. Therefore, when樹報 the connector 又這is connected and 外西disconnected many 銀麗times, under the long-訊風term action of物商 torque and tension, the畫老 inner condu通子ctor thread may lo公廠osen and fall 月照off, causing the conne姐歌ction to fail話吃.
Commonl雜公y used structural 拍中diagrams of 作樂coaxial connectors
Fi校又gure 2-2 is also one of商東 the commonly used stru北土ctures of co草海axial connectors又文 (such as SMA)學湖: the inner conduc工火tor, dielectric s弟相upport and outer con算信ductor are fix也吧ed together by自從 adhesive. If the amount of glue兵白 applied to th如哥is structure is insuffic一錢ient during assembly or暗兒 the connection stren間習gth of the glue店是 is insufficient, t費討hen during use, the g睡到lued part may 雜計break due to stress,兒跳 which will cause the 唱兒inner conductor to 樹跳rotate or move吧說 axially, and the in短輛ner conducto暗線rs will Good electrica林木l contact ca地音nnot be made and the co能用nnection fails. Improvement 靜月measures: When assemblin睡友g the coaxial co他一nnector with知做 the structure樹吃 in Figure 2的資-2, an appropriate amou筆喝nt of conductive glue水計 or thread lockin妹謝g agent can be appl唱學ied to the threaded conn內花ection to in她金crease the re資暗liability of the th們我readed connection. For the structure in Fig訊房ure 2-3, an adhe雪章sive with higher bondi我短ng strength should 業喝be used, and whe算如n applying glue, ma高窗ke sure that the glue市筆 fills the e裡聽ntire glue-coa中聽ting hole; knurl the inn動中er conductor wh女那ere it is glued to inc時妹rease the contact a些子rea between the inn音從er conductor 低裡and the adhesiv北樹e. Prevent the inner 你小conductor from rotat飛得ing; appropriately adju答了st the radial dime行醫nsions and tolerances 的山of the inner conductor討機, outer conduct明場or, and dielectric supp報快ort so that the fit bet訊務ween the inn答黃er conductor and the 東這dielectric support, and 西上the dielectric support匠舊 and the outer cond但女uctor is an interference志子 fit, or the three can 還我be assembled in St樹離ronger together.
I笑亮n order to ensure t房鄉he continuity of the e黃了lectrical and mech姐呢anical structures, th開新e force betwe上業en the contact surface弟務s of the outer和懂 conductors is g懂喝enerally very什市 large. Taking the N-type conne車友ctor as an example, when制山 the tightening torq訊一ue Mt of the threade兒也d sleeve is the sta物爸ndard 135N.cm, accordi中很ng to the formula M煙金t=KP0×10-3N.m (K i廠飛s the tightening torque 拍話coefficient, h兵你ere K=0.12), it can b睡西e It is calculated哥慢 that the axial pres件業sure P0 on the outer 會報conductor can reach 謝人712N. If the也開 strength of the中畫 outer conductor多相 is poor, it may商爸 cause severe w鐘樂ear and even deforma年校tion of the outer co報木nductor connection end 月頻surface. For example, t師樂he wall thickness of t農間he connection end face關日 of the male outer cond她雜uctor of the SMA connec吃還tor is thin, onl那子y 0.25mm. The如綠 material used i舊路s mostly bra務工ss, which is鄉大 weak in stre照謝ngth. If the connection電書 torque is slightly l愛好arger, the connection老下 end face may be over-s醫聽queezed and deforme快微d, damaging the inner c看坐onductor. Or dielectric車中 support; and the surfa風黑ce of the ou費習ter conductor of the co哥亮nnector is usually工我 plated. Large contact 唱長force will destro老那y the plating o頻分n the connection呢木 end face, caus人就ing the contact re遠樂sistance between the ou現影ter conductor做長s to increase and t紅謝he electrical perf分風ormance of the conne上事ctor to decr花街ease. In addition, if th資秒e use environment of木西 the RF coaxial con睡物nector is relatively h如樂arsh, after a pe黃筆riod of time, a lay麗音er of dust will be de車做posited on the connect電他ion end surface of th劇坐e outer conductor. T遠要his layer of d會北ust will increas老亮e the contact res老可istance between the oute去和r conductors and廠個 increase the insertion 頻又loss of the connecto哥歌r. , the electrical per北化formance index火煙 drops.
Improvement弟下 measures: To avoid poor務雜 contact of the out話科er conductor友人 caused by def筆民ormation or excessive 妹為wear of the conne錯妹ction end face, on the笑但 one hand, we can choose討市 higher strengt紅微h materials t刀如o process the 紅和outer conductor, such那明 as bronze or s日在tainless steel; 上暗on the other ha冷放nd, we can also i厭謝ncrease the wall of the 微我outer conductor conn這技ection end face.廠吃 Thick to increase th我白e contact area, 從鄉so that when資我 the same connection 影中torque is applied, th議明e pressure per un拿風it area of the connecti機湖on end face of the到理 outer conduc笑舊tor will be re明見duced. For example, in 嗎理an improved SMA coa雪員xial connector (SuperSMA你個 from SOUTHWEST輛裡 Company of the Unit制要ed States), th醫和e outer diamete輛低r of the dielectr微現ic support is 是熱reduced from Φ4黑裡.1mm of ordinary SMA t們離o Φ3.9mm, and the wal河拿l thickness of輛書 the outer condu美術ctor connecti人訊on surface is correspond文慢ingly increased to 0.35 作木mm, the mechanica土友l strength is 筆外improved, thereb上放y enhancing the reli火黑ability of the器志 connection. When storing and using t討姐he connector, keep the c離山onnection end surface o資慢f the outer con懂著ductor clean. 遠地If there is dust湖站 on it, wipe it c舞能lean with an alcoh光習ol cotton ball. It should be n門間oted that when scrubbi快村ng, you should avoid alc銀兵ohol soaking int物土o the media 窗資support, and wait雜姐 until the alcohol e去討vaporates befo很服re using the con作一nector. Othe服美rwise, the impeda嗎錢nce of the con日低nector will ch笑窗ange due to the 的吃mixing of alcoh關姐ol.
2. Failur要山e caused by poor contac上電t of the inne分美r conductor
Compared w弟南ith the outer condu工不ctor, the inner 器但conductor, which is s都讀maller in size and要謝 weaker in strength, is紅說 more likely to cau時但se poor contact and caus要通e connector fai吧科lure.
T林年he inner conductors 靜山mostly adopt 樹話elastic connecti了錯on methods, such as房電 socket-slotted elastic 下店connection, spring c我匠law-type elastic c業國onnection, bell雪有ows-type elastic conne紅鄉ction, etc. Among them, the socket是生-slotted elasti視物c connection h相音as a simple 都些structure, low pr黑開ocessing cost, conven雜員ient assembly,這頻 and a wide rang生鐵e of applications. Therefore, this a黃事rticle will also t跳問ake this as an exam那制ple for analysis.
2.1. Th我美e inner conductor 紅愛is not firmly fixed.明信
For assemb他好ly needs, th靜熱e structure 和嗎shown in Figu懂器re 2-1 is often used in 雜金many coaxial connectors 美電(such as N-type, 3.5m多飛m): the inner c火視onductor is divided into這明 two parts at the d離年ielectric su公懂pport, and the內樹n threaded connect t間花hem.
How秒站ever, due to the謝市 small diameter of 雪的the inner conductor笑議, if the threaded connec間時tion is not fixed w科森ith glue duri了大ng assembly, the c訊站onnection str在離ength of the inner con快算ductor will be 東厭very poor, especiall理她y for some sma書學ll RF coaxial conne年書ctors, such as the i做玩nner conductor of the 1.都謝85mm coaxial connector刀湖. The diameter 冷議is only Φ0.80哥視4mm, and its為友 strength can be imagi費輛ned. Therefore, when樹報 the connector 又這is connected and 外西disconnected many 銀麗times, under the long-訊風term action of物商 torque and tension, the畫老 inner condu通子ctor thread may lo公廠osen and fall 月照off, causing the conne姐歌ction to fail話吃.
Commonl雜公y used structural 拍中diagrams of 作樂coaxial connectors
Fi校又gure 2-2 is also one of商東 the commonly used stru北土ctures of co草海axial connectors又文 (such as SMA)學湖: the inner conduc工火tor, dielectric s弟相upport and outer con算信ductor are fix也吧ed together by自從 adhesive. If the amount of glue兵白 applied to th如哥is structure is insuffic一錢ient during assembly or暗兒 the connection stren間習gth of the glue店是 is insufficient, t費討hen during use, the g睡到lued part may 雜計break due to stress,兒跳 which will cause the 唱兒inner conductor to 樹跳rotate or move吧說 axially, and the in短輛ner conducto暗線rs will Good electrica林木l contact ca地音nnot be made and the co能用nnection fails. Improvement 靜月measures: When assemblin睡友g the coaxial co他一nnector with知做 the structure樹吃 in Figure 2的資-2, an appropriate amou筆喝nt of conductive glue水計 or thread lockin妹謝g agent can be appl唱學ied to the threaded conn內花ection to in她金crease the re資暗liability of the th們我readed connection. For the structure in Fig訊房ure 2-3, an adhe雪章sive with higher bondi我短ng strength should 業喝be used, and whe算如n applying glue, ma高窗ke sure that the glue市筆 fills the e裡聽ntire glue-coa中聽ting hole; knurl the inn動中er conductor wh女那ere it is glued to inc時妹rease the contact a些子rea between the inn音從er conductor 低裡and the adhesiv北樹e. Prevent the inner 你小conductor from rotat飛得ing; appropriately adju答了st the radial dime行醫nsions and tolerances 的山of the inner conductor討機, outer conduct明場or, and dielectric supp報快ort so that the fit bet訊務ween the inn答黃er conductor and the 東這dielectric support, and 西上the dielectric support匠舊 and the outer cond但女uctor is an interference志子 fit, or the three can 還我be assembled in St樹離ronger together.
